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Complete Life History of Hadrat Syed Imam Hasan-al-Mujtaba (ASWS)

Birth and Early Life

Hadrat Syed Imam Hasan-al-Mujtaba (ASWS) was the first grandson of the Holy Prophet Muhammad (SAWAW) and the first child of the blessed union of Hadrat Imam Ali ibn Abi Talib (ASWS) and Hadrat Syeda Fatimah Zahra (ASWS). He was born in Medina on Tuesday, the 15th of Ramadan, 3 AH (March 4, 625 CE).

Upon receiving the joyous news of his grandson’s birth, the Holy Prophet (SAWAW) came to the house of his beloved daughter, took the newly-born child in his arms, and recited the Adhan in his right ear and the Iqamah in his left ear. In compliance with divine command, the Prophet (SAWAW) named him Hasan – a name not used in the pre-Islamic period.

On the seventh day, the Prophet (SAWAW) performed the Aqiqah ceremony, sacrificing two lambs. He also shaved the child’s head and commanded that the weight of the hair in silver be given in charity.

Childhood and Relationship with His Grandfather

The first seven years of Imam Hasan’s (ASWS) life were blessed with the gracious patronage of the Holy Prophet (SAWAW), who gifted him with all his great qualities and adorned him with divine knowledge. Imam Hasan (ASWS) was remarkably similar to his grandfather in appearance and character. It is reported by Imam Bukhari, narrating from Hazrat Anas (RA): “No one resembled the Prophet (SAWAW) more than Hasan ibn Ali (ASWS)” .

The Holy Prophet (SAWAW) would often play with his beloved grandson with immense affection. Once, when the Prophet (SAWAW) was carrying Imam Hasan (ASWS) on his shoulders, a man remarked: “What a magnificent mount that you ride, young man!” The Prophet (SAWAW) replied: “And what a magnificent rider is he!”

On another occasion, the Holy Prophet (SAWAW) was in prostration during prayer when young Imam Hasan (ASWS) climbed upon his shoulders. The Prophet (SAWAW) remained in prostration for an extended period, allowing the child to sit there, demonstrating his immense love for his grandson.

The Event of Mubahala

Imam Hasan (ASWS), along with his brother Imam Hussain (ASWS), his father Imam Ali (ASWS), and his mother Syeda Fatimah Zahra (ASWS), accompanied the Holy Prophet (SAWAW) to the event of Mubahala. When the Christian delegation from Najran came for debate, the Prophet (SAWAW) took these four sinless members of his household – his “souls,” his “sons,” and his “women” – to call down divine curse upon the liars. The Christians, seeing the radiant Ahl al-Bayt, withdrew from the challenge.

Hadith of the Cloak (Ahl al-Kisa)

Imam Hasan (ASWS) is one of the five individuals included in the Hadith of the Cloak (Ahl al-Kisa). When the verse of purification was revealed – “Allah’s wish is but to remove uncleanness from you, O people of the Household and cleanse you with a thorough cleansing” (33:33) – the Prophet (SAWAW) gathered Imam Ali, Fatimah, Hasan, and Hussain under his cloak and declared: “O Allah, these are my Ahl al-Bayt” .

Titles and Virtues

Imam Hasan (ASWS) was honored with several titles:

• Al-Mujtaba (The Chosen One)
• As-Sibt (The Grandson)
• Sayyidu Shababi Ahlil Jannah (Leader of the Youth of Paradise)
• Az-Zaki (The Pure)
• At-Taqi (The Pious)
• As-Sayyid (The Master)

The Holy Prophet (SAWAW) declared: “Hasan and Husayn are the two leaders of the youth of Paradise” . He also said: “Both are my two perfumes in this world” .

Youth and Activities

As Imam Hasan (ASWS) grew, he witnessed his father Imam Ali (ASWS) defending Islam on the battlefield, preaching to congregations, and serving as a missionary of Islam to Yemen. He was raised alongside his brother Imam Hussain (ASWS) and Muhammad ibn Abi Bakr, who was brought up by Imam Ali after the death of Abu Bakr.

During the caliphate of Uthman ibn Affan, Imam Hasan (ASWS) was among those who defended Uthman when attackers climbed the wall and killed him.

Caliphate and the Treaty with Muawiyah

Following the martyrdom of Imam Ali (ASWS) in Kufa, the people swore allegiance to Imam Hasan (ASWS) as the successor of the Prophet and the Imam of the nation. However, this did not last for more than six months.

When Muawiyah ibn Abi Sufyan heard of Imam Ali’s (ASWS) martyrdom, he led a large army from Syria towards Kufa, determined to seize control of the Muslim leadership. Imam Hasan (ASWS) found himself in a difficult position due to several factors:

1. Disintegration of his army– Many of his commanders were bribed and abandoned him. Ubayd-Allah ibn Abbas, the commander of Imam Hasan’s army, deserted him and joined Muawiyah’s forces.
2. Internal instability in Iraq
3. The Roman Empirewas waiting for an opportunity to attack Islam, with a huge army ready to fight the Muslims. A war between Muawiyah and Imam Hasan (ASWS) would have meant victory for the Roman Empire.

Imam Hasan (ASWS) was distressed at the prospect of Muslims engaging in battle against each other, which would result in great losses on both sides. He therefore opted for peace, removing a very serious danger to Islam.

Terms of the Peace Treaty

Imam Hasan (ASWS) signed a treaty with Muawiyah with the following conditions:

1. Muawiyah was to rule according to the Qur’an and the Sunnah of the Prophet (SAWAW).
2. Caliphate after Muawiyah’s death was to return to Imam Hasan (ASWS); if something happened to him, it would go to his brother Imam Hussain (ASWS).
3. All condemnations and insults against Imam Ali (ASWS) should be prohibited from the pulpit or anywhere else.
4. Muawiyah would provide financial compensation to the families of those martyred in the battles of the Camel and Siffin on Imam Ali’s side.
5. Muawiyah was to leave all people in peace regardless of their race or origin.

Imam Hasan (ASWS) is reported to have said: “I left out of fear that I would be destroyed and the Muslims would be killed; I did not have supporters to fight”.

Retirement in Medina

After handing over the government, Imam Hasan (ASWS) retired to Medina, where he continued to serve as a spiritual guide and teacher. His patience and forbearance were acknowledged even by his enemies. Marwan ibn Hakam, Muawiyah’s governor in Medina who always persecuted Imam Hasan (ASWS), admitted: “Whatever I did, I did to a person whose forbearance was stronger than this mountain,” pointing towards a mountain outside Medina.

Martyrdom by Poison

Imam Hasan (ASWS) was poisoned and martyred by his own wife, Ju’da bint al-Ash’ath ibn Qays (also known as Jada or Ju’da binte Ashas bin Qais), who was bribed by Muawiyah with a promise of a large sum of money and marriage to his son Yazid.

Muawiyah saw that according to the peace treaty, the caliphate would return to Imam Hasan (ASWS) after his death, which would have ended Umayyad rule. He therefore orchestrated the poisoning to remove this obstacle for his son Yazid.

Ju’da mixed a deadly poison called “Hilahil” in milk and gave it to Imam Hasan (ASWS). As soon as he drank it, the poison took effect – his liver was torn apart and pieces of it came out of his mouth into the milk pot.

The Tragic Scene

It was the night of the 28th of Safar, 50 AH (March 670 CE). Imam Hasan’s other wife, Umm-e-Farwa – the mother of Hazrat Qasim (ASWS) – rushed to him when she saw his condition. She sent her young son Qasim (about 3-4 years old) to inform the sisters of Imam Hasan. She tore off Qasim’s dress, removed his little turban, and poured mud in his hair so that his condition would tell the story without words.

When Qasim arrived at the house of Bibi Zainab (SA) and Bibi Umm Kulthum (SA), they were preparing for the night prayer. Seeing Qasim in this state, they began weeping and rushed to Imam Hasan’s house.

Imam Hasan (ASWS) gathered all his relatives and appointed Imam Hussain (ASWS) as the next Imam by the will of Allah (SWT). He requested that he be buried next to the Holy Prophet (SAWAW), but instructed that if it was not possible, they should not harm anyone and should bury him in Jannatul Baqi.

The Burial – Attack by Arrows

According to Imam Hasan’s will, Imam Hussain (ASWS) took out the funeral procession, intending to bury his brother next to the grave of the Holy Prophet (SAWAW). However, the Umayyad governor Marwan and his supporters, led by a group of about 100 people, prevented the burial.

When the Banu Hashim attempted to carry the janaza towards the Prophet’s grave, they were attacked with arrows. According to historical accounts, 70 arrows pierced the blessed body of Imam Hasan (ASWS). For the first time in Islamic history, the funeral of a Muslim was returned without burial, and the slain body was riddled with arrows.

The body had to be brought back, and the family members sat together to remove the arrows one by one from the body of the fallen Imam.

Imam Hussain (ASWS) and the other family members, including Syeda Zainab (SA) and Umm Kulthum (SA), wept and mourned, crying out: “Wa Muhammada, wa Hasana, wa musibata” (O Muhammad, O Hasan, what a tragedy!).

Finally, Imam Hasan (ASWS) was buried in Jannatul Baqi cemetery in Medina. His grave, like the graves of the other Imams buried there, was later destroyed by the Wahhabis in 1925.

Legacy

Imam Hasan-al-Mujtaba (ASWS) lived for 45 or 46 years and was martyred in the year 50 AH. He is remembered as the embodiment of patience, forbearance, and peace. His decision to make peace with Muawiyah, despite the opposition of many, was motivated by the higher good of preserving the Muslim community and preventing bloodshed.

His life serves as a lesson in selflessness, piety, and putting the greater good of the community above personal aspirations. His martyrdom at the hands of those who had promised him peace highlights the treachery of the Umayyad dynasty and the lengths to which they would go to secure their rule.

Both Sunni and Shia Muslims regard Imam Hasan (ASWS) as a martyr (shaheed). His title “Al-Mujtaba” (The Chosen One) reflects his elevated status and his selection by Allah for a special role in guiding humanity.

The Holy Prophet (SAWAW) had prophesied: “This grandson of mine is a delight, and may God place in his hands the reconciliation of two great groups of believers” . This prophecy was fulfilled when Imam Hasan (ASWS) made peace between the warring factions of Muslims and prevented catastrophic bloodshed.

His legacy lives on as a beacon of patience, wisdom, and the pursuit of peace, and his sacrifice continues to inspire Muslims across the world to uphold justice and truth against tyranny and oppression.